Pelham Bay is a neighborhood in the borough of the Bronx, in New York City. It is named for Pelham Bay Park, New York City's largest park which lies on the neighborhood's northeastern border.

Most of the neighborhood is land that was purchased by Thomas Pell in 1654, part of an original grant to the Dutch West India Company.

Despite the name, the area that is now the Pelham Bay neighborhood was not part of the historical Town of Pelham, which consisted of the modern-day town of Pelham in Westchester County as well as Pelham Bay Park and City Island in the Bronx. The latter two areas were annexed by the City of New York in 1895.

Pelham Bay's boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are as follows:

Pelham Bay includes the residential enclave of Country Club, which occupies the portion of the neighborhood east of Interstate 95 (I-95). The core of Pelham Bay is the portion west of I-95 and north of Middletown Road.

Pelham Bay is part of Bronx Community Board 10, which also covers Throgs Neck and Co-op City. Pelham Bay, along with other areas of the East Bronx, is home to a large Italian-American population.

A variety of stores and eateries line the streets of this neighborhood, including Westchester Avenue (which runs under the 6 train), Buhre Avenue, Middletown Road and Crosby Avenue (these two cross to form one of the main intersections of the neighborhood). Pelham Bay Park is the last stop on the IRT Pelham Line (6 <6>), which in Manhattan comprises the Lexington Avenue Local of the New York City Subway system. The neighborhood has two other stops as well, the Buhre Avenue and Middletown Road stops on the Pelham Line. The IRT Pelham Line was immortalized in the movie, The Taking of Pelham One Two Three, starring Walter Matthau, which involved the hijacking of a subway train leaving Pelham Bay Station at the scheduled time of 1:23.

The neighborhood is home to the elementary schools Public School 71 (named the Rose E. Scala School to honor a former principal) and Public School 14 (named the John D. Calandra School to honor a former State Senator), as well as to Herbert H. Lehman High School (right on the neighborhood's border). Several private and parochial schools also serve the neighborhood, including the Roman Catholic elementary schools associated with the churches of Our Lady of the Assumption and St. Theresa. The neighborhood is home to a number of active civic and community associations, including the Pelham Bay Little League.

The neighborhood is home to longstanding Italian, Irish, Greek and Albanian populations, with a majority Italian American population.

Arnow Place, a small street between Westchester Avenue and the New England Thruway (I-95) in Pelham Bay, was the site of the December 2005 shooting death of off-duty police officer, Daniel Enchautegui. Actor Lillo Brancato and an accomplice were charged with murder in the case. In 2006, the street was renamed Daniel Enchautegui Way, in honor of the fallen police officer.

Buses and subway lines serving the community are:

Allerton  Baychester  Bedford Park  Belden Point  Belmont (Arthur Avenue)  Castle Hill  City Island  Clason Point  Concourse  Co-op City  Country Club  East Bronx  Eastchester  East Morrisania  East Tremont  Edenwald  Fieldston  Fordham  Fordham-Bedford  Harding Park  Highbridge  Hudson Hill  Hunts Point  The Hub  Kingsbridge  Kingsbridge Heights  Locust Point  Longwood  Marble Hill  Melrose  Morrisania  Morris Heights  Morris Park  Mott Haven  North Bronx  North New York  North Riverdale  Norwood  Olinville  Parkchester  Pelham Bay  Pelham Gardens  Pelham Parkway  Port Morris  Riverdale  Silver Beach  Soundview  South Bronx  Spuyten Duyvil  Throggs Neck  Tremont  University Heights  Van Cortlandt Village  Van Nest  Wakefield  West Bronx  West Farms  Williamsbridge  Woodlawn